B enzoic acid and its salts have been used for many years as preservative agents by the food industry, but in some countries also as silage additives, mainly due to their strong efficacy. Benzoic acid and its salts such as potassium benzoate and sodium benzoate are widely used as preservatives for acidic food and beverage. Benzoic acid is used to preserve the beverage by inhibiting the growth of yeasts, mold, and some bacteria. On the other hand, results revealed stepwise increase in creatinine and urea n with time after oral dosing of benzoic and benzoic plus citric acids at the different rates. Evaluation of natural food preservatives in domestic and. A synthesis of benzene, toluene, and benzoic acid labeled in the ring with isotopic carbon by melvin fields, morris a. Oct 28, 2017 benzoic acid can be found in food but may also be present as sodium benzoate as a function of ph. It contains benzoic acid mixed with vegetable fat that allows active ingredients to be released in the gut. Mandrell western regional research center, agricultural research service, u. Industrial and technical grades of benzoic acid for paint and to manufacture plasticizers, phenol etc are also available in molten form or solid forms flakes or chips. The name is derived from gum benzoin, which was for a long time its only source. Mar 26, 2020 sodium benzoate is structurally related to benzoic acid and has the formula c 6 h 5 coona. Benzoic acid is a fungistatic compound that is widely used as a food preservative.
It seems to harm microbes by preventing them from fermenting glucose, but it. Benzoic acid is the most basic of aromatic carboxylic acids. The amino benzoic acid esters parabens are more active against. Benzoic acid is a derivative of benzene, also known as sodium benzoate or the salt of benzoic acid. Phosphoric acid e 338 has a strong effect on ph and is commonly used to give a specific taste profile to colatype beverages. They are more stable than benzoic acid, more soluble in water, and work best at ph levels between 2 and 4. The earliest mention of benzoic acid appears from the 16th century. Benzoic acid is a more effective germ killer, however. Salts of benzoic acid are used as food preservatives and benzoic acid is an important precursor for the industrial synthesis of many other organic substances. Conditions that salicylic acidbenzoic acid topical treats. It is generally effective in controlling mould and inhibiting. Nonalcoholic drink ingredients can be divided into two categories. Feb 06, 2012 in taipei, taiwan, a city health survey in 2010 found 30% of tested dried and pickled food products failed a test having too much benzoic acid, which is known to affect the liver and kidney. Benzoic acid market size industry trends report, 2026.
Antibacterial activities of phenolic benzaldehydes and. Though benzoic acid is used in cosmetics, dyes, plastics and insect repellents, it is most commonly included in food products as a preservative. Benzoic acid is a crystalline and colorless aromatic carboxylic acid with chemical formula c 6 h 5 cooh. Lactic acid is not naturally present in foods, but is formed during fermentation of sugar by lactic acid bacteria. Feb 16, 2015 benzoic acids salt sodium benzoate is commonly used as a ph adjustor and preservative in food, preventing the growth of microbes to keep food safe. Apr 01, 2017 benzoic acid is most effective as a food preservative in acidic food.
Benzoic acid, a white, crystalline organic compound belonging to the family of carboxylic acids, widely used as a food preservative and in the manufacture of various cosmetics, dyes, plastics, and insect repellents. Benzoic acid, natural food and flavor ingredients sigma. Majority of food products available on the market contain different types of additives, among which preservatives are playing an important role. Caffeine and benzoic acid are two important ingredients in soft drinks. Benzoic acid buy benzoic acid from a world class manufacturer. Paulus, dsm nutritional products ltd, animal nutrition and health, ch4002 basel, switzerland. Health effects of benzoic acid, sodium benzoate, and. First described in the 16th century, benzoic acid exists in many plants. It can also occur as contamination in drinking water and foods. Benzoic acid market global industry analysis, size and. Jorge, in encyclopedia of food sciences and nutrition second edition, 2003. The benzoate form of the chemical is converted into the acid form in our stomach and absorbed into the body through the lining of the small intestine.
Benzoic acid and benzyl alcohol are among the ingredients used. Benzoic acid or e 210 is a preservative which also occurs naturally, for instance, in cranberries. Most foods are allowed no more than 1,000 mg per kilogram. Benzoic acid is a solid organic compound that is crystalline in appearance, similar to white needles. Simultaneous determination of aspartame, benzoic acid. Leaffer, john rohan see all hide authors and affiliations. Initially, benzoic acid was obtained from resin of trees belonging to the styrax genus, also known as gum benzoin. Data sources include ibm watson micromedex updated 4 may 2020, cerner multum updated 4 may 2020, wolters kluwer updated. Estimated daily intake of benzoic acid through food additives in. Codex alimentarius, an international treaty dictating food safety standards, limits the amount of benzoic acid or sodium benzoate to 0. It seems to harm microbes by preventing them from fermenting glucose, but it may have other effects on the microbes as well. It is widely accepted as safe food additive in many countries with e number e210.
Benzoic acid or benzenecarbonicacid is a monobasic aromatic acid, moderately strong, white crystalline powder, very soluble in alcohol, ether, and benzene, but poorly soluble in water 0. Find information about which conditions salicylic acidbenzoic acid topical is commonly used to treat. Benzoic acid, natural food and flavor ingredients sigmaaldrich. Indications of the possible formation of benzene from benzoic. Benzoic acid c7h6o2 or c6h5cooh, is a colorless crystalline solid and a simple aromatic carboxylic acid salts of benzoic acid are used as food preservatives and benzoic acid is an important precursor for the industrial synthesis of many other or. Potassium benzoate e212, the potassium salt of benzoic acid, is a food preservative that. Jun 01, 2012 if anybody is interested, the chemical formula of benzoic acid is c 6 h 5 cooh. Somehow, turning fresh, pure benzoic acid into its sodium salt puts.
Indications of the possible formation of benzene from. It exists as a granular powder and is more soluble in water than the acid. A synthesis of benzene, toluene, and benzoic acid labeled. However, the most common source of benzoic acid in food is in synthetic form, which is used as a preservative in many processed ingredients. Foodqualitymagazine food quality magazine is a free webbased magazine edited by miroslav suska. Sodium benzoate is more commonly used as a food preservative than benzoic acid due to its greater solubility in water. The effectiveness of benzoic acid and its salts depends on the acidity ph of the food.
Aug 30, 2016 the benzoic acid was detected in cream cheese at 3. The acid is a preservative and examples of foods that. The line also includes potassium sorbate, a food preservative widely used to inhibit mold and yeast in foods such as cheese, yogurt. Benzoates also increase the storage life of foods as they are antifungal too. For example, the canadian food and drug regulations prescribe quality, composition, and labelling standards which also apply to nonalcoholic beverage manufacturers. When used as a component of alkyd resins, it improves gloss, hardness and chemical resistance. Pdf production of benzoic acid by lactic acid bacteria from. Potassium benzoate e212, the potassium salt of benzoic acid, is a food preservative that inhibits the growth of mold, yeast and some bacteria. It works by changing the internal ph of microorganisms to an acidic state that is incompatible with their growth and survival. Benzoic acid and its derivatives as naturally occurring. Benzoic acid and sodium benzoate european commission.
Because benzoic acid is toxic, the amount of benzoates that can be added to foods is carefully controlled. Both the food ctamicd codex 1972 and the united states pharmacopeia have monographs on benzoic acid. Determination of benzoic and sorbic acids in brazilian food. Benzoic acid is widely used as a preservative to inhibit the growth of bacteria and fungi in the food and beverages industry.
Yeast growth is a major factor in the spoilage of foods and beverages that are characterized by a high sugar content, low ph, and low water activity, and it is a significant economic problem. Benzoic acid is simplest aromatic carboxylic acid, white color crystalline solid. A method for benzoic and sorbic acid determination in beverages by liquid chromatography using a diode array. Health effects of benzoic acid, sodium benzoate, and benzene. Benzoic acid is an organic acid mainly that is an antimicrobial agent, flavoring agent and preservative in its sodium salt form. Benzoic acid is an aromatic carboxylic acid naturally present in plant and animal tissues, which can also be produced by microorganisms.
It prevents the growth of bacteria in the intestinal tracts of these animals. These additives, applied in order to maintain food quality and prolong storage time, often make consumers anxious about its safety. However, milk products can contain natural benzoic acid as. Benzoic acid can be found in food but may also be present as sodium benzoate as a function of ph. E210 benzoic acid powder, food preservative benzoic acid. Meal plan for benzoate free diet benzoic acid and its derivatives are permitted food preservatives, added to protect against harmful bacteria which can cause food poisoning and spoilage. Science in the classroom science magazine japanese. Benzoic acid is used as an active ingredient in antifungal cream with salicylic acid 3. This material is provided for educational purposes only and is not intended for medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Benzoic acid, a weak organic acid food preservative. In milk and milk products, a number of organic acids naturally occur. Note that the pagination and layout of this pdf file are not identical to those of the printed. Microbial spoilage of food causes losses of up to 40% of all food grown for human consumption worldwide.
There is a suspicion that small amounts of benzene may be formed from benzoic acid in nonalcoholic beverages in the presence of ascorbic acid. Other names for benzoic acid include benzenemethanoic acid or carboxybenzene. The acid is a preservative and examples of foods that contain high amounts of this salt include sauces and pickles. As a food additive, benzoic acid is used to preserve different kinds of foods including fruit juices, so. Benzoic acid is most effective as a food preservative in acidic food. Benzene is principally emitted from petrol through exhaust gases. Benzoic acid is primarily used as an antifungal agent in fruit based and fruit beverages, fruit products, bakery products and margarine. Soft drinks intended for human consumption are covered by national regulations based on codes and standards. Its inhibitory action on yeasts and fungi is the background for a long term use of benzoic acid as the food preservative. Benzoic acid, a white, crystalline organic compound belonging to the family of carboxylic acids, widely used as a food preservative and in the manufacture of various cosmetics, dyes, plastics, and insect repellents first described in the 16th century, benzoic acid exists in many plants. Benzoic acid is the most commonly used preservative in the food industry. Meal plan for benzoate free diet the meal plan site. Pharma grades usp, ep, jp, ip etcand food grade fcc, bis, fssai benzoic acid is available in solid forms crystals or powder. Jessica jacobs is a registered dietitian and professional writer, contributing to fitness magazine since 2003.
Safety issues associated with nonalcoholic beverages food. Effect of benzoic acid and combination of benzoic with. The spectrum of activity includes mainly enterobacteria, bacillus spp. We investigated the contents of some naturally occurred food preservatives sorbic acid, benzoic acid, propionic acid, nitrite, and nitrate contained in domestic and imported cheeses to establish the standard for the allowable range of food preservatives content in cheese.
Novus biologicals has launched a new product named avimatrix. Benzoic acid is a monofunctional, aromatic acid, which is widely used as a building block for the synthesis of alkyd resins. A synthesis of benzene, toluene, and benzoic acid labeled in. The joint fadwho expert committee on food additives 1974 also gave benzoic acid an ad. Packaging 1 kg in glass bottle 100 g in glass bottle 5 kg in fiber drum other notes download our flavors and fragrances catalog to view our entire product line.
Typical concentrations of benzoic acid range from 0. Benzoic acid is extensively used as preserving agent most suitable for foods, fruit juices, and soft drinks. Benzoic acid is a derivative of benzene, also known as sodium benzoate or the salt of. Benzoic acid market size was estimated at over 480 kilo tons in 2014 and is likely to exceed 620 kilo tons by 2023 with gains of over 3. Jan 28, 2015 citric acid, succinic acid, and phosphoric acid are all subject to ec regulation 332008 on food additives.
As a preservatives, benzoic acid can be used in a wide variety of industries including. The place of benzoic acid in food preservation vanguard news. Find information about which conditions salicylic acid benzoic acid topical is commonly used to treat. The main contributors of benzoic acid to dietary intake were non alcoholic beverages 43. Pdf production of benzoic acid by lactic acid bacteria. The benzoic acid content was highest in appenzeller cheese and one of gouda cheese. The committee is asked to reevaluate its earlier opinion of 1994 on the safety of benzoic acid and its salts as food additives in the light of new information. We offer world class quality benzoic acid, a product used in the paints and coatings industry and in unsaturated polyester composite resins. Benzoic acid and ascorbic acid are food additives which must be declared on the food. Benzoic acid market by application,enduse industry and. Indications of the possible formation of benzene from benzoic acid in foods bfr expert opinion no. Benzoic acid market size, share, analysis report, 2024.
It often is conjugated to glycine in the liver and excreted as hippuric acid. Benzoic acid c6h5cooh, the simplest aromatic carboxylic acid, is present naturally either free or bound as benzoic acid esters and can be found in many natural products 3. Whitfields ointment contains benzoic acid and treats ringworm and athletes foot. In the united states, soft drinks are regulated by the food and drug administration fda. In taipei, taiwan, a city health survey in 2010 found 30% of tested dried and pickled food products failed a test having too much benzoic acid, which is known to affect the liver and kidney. Background benzoic acid and its salts are in widespread use as food preservatives in the eu. Only allowable quantities of it can be added to food products. Benzoic acid and its derivatives as naturally occurring compounds in foods and as additives. Sodium benzoate, expressed as benzoic acid, is permitted in oral medicines up to 0. Benzoic acid is a organic compound widely used as preservatives in food and beverage industries. Benzoic acid is used in animal feeds, mainly those of pigs and poultry. Substitution of 50% benzoic acid with citric acid in the oral dose resulted in almost similar significant p. A highperformance liquid chromatography method was applied for the determination of the levels of benzoic acid and sorbic acid in 221 snack food samples, including fruit wine, noodle products. Benzoic acid is a byproduct of phenylalanine metabolism in bacteria.
Benzoic acid occurs naturally in many plants and serves as an intermediate in the biosynthesis of many secondary metabolites. Sodium benzoate is structurally related to benzoic acid and has the formula c 6 h 5 coona. It may be found in acidic foods and beverages such as fruit juices, soft drinks. The scientific committee for food scf was first asked to evaluate the safety of benzoic.
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